Brief Summary

In Bernhard analysis, she starts off her essay strong by stating how important Frederick Douglass speech was. In her first paragraph, Bernhard shows readers that Frederick Douglass was credible by stating how he himself was part of the slave trade. Bernhard thesis in her first paragraph that drives the rest of her essay is how she states that, â€Å"Frederick was a huge part of the abolitionist movement,† and that, â€Å"Frederick wanted to show his aversion to slavery and his passionate dedication to see it end. As Bernhard continues with her analysis, she states how Frederick not only talks o abolitionist alike, but to proud Americans. As she continues with her analysis, Bernhard always refers back to her thesis in her first paragraph. She states facts on how Frederick became such a huge part of the abolitionist movement. She shows readers how Frederick had the skill to gain the audiences sympathy and how he made his speeches more important to listeners.In Bernhard fourth p aragraph, she refers back to her thesis on how Frederick wanted to show his aversion to slavery and his passion to see it end. In this paragraph, she continues to show how Frederick appealed to his audience's sense and ride by comparing Americans history of revolt against repression and wrongdoing to slavery.In conclusion, Bernhard whole analysis was to show how Frederick was Important to abolitionist movement; and to show how Frederick wanted to show his aversion to slavery and his passionate dedication to see It end. She backed up her thesis many times In her body paragraphs by showing how Frederick, showed his readers how corrupt American culture really Is. Then Bernhard ends her analysis by showing readers how Fredrick's effort Is now slowly Impacting the movement and caused many to reconsider the state and direction

Preparation of Isopentyl Acetate

Results and Discussion Isopentyl propanoate was prepared by refluxing isopentyl alcohol in excess propanoic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid. The ester was obtained by distillation in 62% yield, bp 140-150oC (lit. 156 oC [1]). GC analysis of the distillate revealed only traces of the starting alcohol (Figure 1). The ester's structure was confirmed using IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The IR spectrum (Figure 2) shows a strong absorption at 1741 cm-1 consistent with an ester C=O stretching vibration. The NMR spectrum (Figures 3 and 4) contains all of the signals expected for this compound. A triplet at 1. 18 ppm and a quartet at 2. 8 ppm are assigned to the propionyl methyl and methylene groups, respectively. A doublet at 0. 82 ppm is assigned to the two isopentyl methyl groups. A 6 line pattern at 1. 66 ppm is assigned to the methine group (9 lines are expected), and a triplet at 4. 08 and a quartet at 1. 48 ppm are assigned to the OCH2 and CHCH2 methylene groups, respectively. Experi mental Preparation of isopentyl propanoate. Isopentyl alcohol (4. 6 mL, 42 mmol), propanoic acid (40 mL, 530 mmol), and concentrated sulfuric acid (1 mL, 18 mmol) were refluxed for 66 minutes. The solution was diluted with water (60 mL) and extracted with ether (60 mL).The ether layer was washed with saturated aq. NaHCO3 (2 x 60 mL), dried with MgSO4, and distilled at atmospheric pressure to give isopentyl propanoate: 3. 8 g (62% from isopentyl alcohol), bp 140-150 oC (lit. 156 oC [1]); IR (ATR) cm-1: 2960 (vs, CH), 1741 (vs, C=O), 1189 (s, C-O); 1H NMR (C6D6, 400 MHz) ? : 0. 92 (d, 6H, J = 6. 8 Hz, CH(CH3)2), 1. 18 (t, 3H, J = 6. 6 Hz, CH2CH3), 1. 48 (q, 2H, J = 6. 6 Hz, CHCH2), 1. 66 (9 lines, 1H, J = 6. 8 Hz, CH), 2. 28 (q, 2H, J = 6. 6 Hz, CH2CO), 4. 08 (t, 2H, J = 6. 8 Hz, OCH2); GC (120 oC, right-hand column): isopentyl propanoate (4. 8 min), isopentyl alcohol (4. 4 min). References 1.Mordechai, U. ed. â€Å"Esther's Ester Handbook, 11th Ed. â€Å", Fruity Publishing, Boca R aton, 1984. E-factor Insert list and mass of consumed materials, product, and e-yield here. Figures [GC data, IR spectrum, and NMR spectrum; label each one as a numbered figure (see above) and give the figure an appropriate title; see appendix for additional instructions] NMR Exercise Choose one of the molecules listed below. Draw its structure (show all H) and label all protons as A, B, C, †¦ (apply the same label to ‘NMR equivalent' protons). Examine the online proton NMR spectrum (follow the link; the small upper spectrum is the carbon-13 NMR, ignore it).List all shifts associated with the compound; do not list shifts for solvent, TMS, etc. , and do not list integrals or coupling patterns. Assign each signal to a particular proton. Do this on your own; do not work with others. (If you are having trouble with the assignment and would like some help from others, work on a different spectrum from the one that you turn in). Turn in 1) the compound name provided below, 2) t he structural formula and H labels, 3) the list of shifts and assignments (write the label next to its shift). Do not turn in the spectrum

Corrections Timeline

This essay is going to show the development with four eras of the correctional system. The four eras that will be discussed with be: 1800, 1960, 1980 and 2000. For each era we will go over the description of the holding or monitoring of the offenders, the treatment and punishment of the offenders and the influences of the particular era on today’s correctional system. The conclusion will discuss the most beneficial era to the correctional system, as well as, recommendations for ways in which the current correctional system could be improved upon. Penitentiary era 1800’s With the ideas of The Age of Enlightenment growing in popularity, a new concept of criminal punishment came into play; the penitentiary. The penitentiary first appeared in 1790 when the Philadelphia Walnut Street Jail was expanded to allow separate confinement of inmates. The western State Penitentiary was established in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1819, as well as the Auburn State Penitentiary in New York. The Auburn State Penitentiary was based on a congregate system. Seeks to redeem offenders through a well-ordered routine of the prison, implementing strict discipline, labor, obedience, and silence. The inmates were held in isolation at night but congregated in workshops during the day. They could not talk or look at each other while working or at meals. The work consisted of hard labor, such as the construction of roads or buildings. The inmates had to walk in unison, in a formation known as the lock step. The goal of The Auburn State Penitentiary was to redeem the offender through the well-organized practice of the prison (Clear, Cole, & Reisig, 2009). In 1821 after many years of lobbying from the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, the Pennsylvania Legislature approves funding to build the Eastern State Penitentiary. The new prison will hold 250 inmates. In 1829 Masks are fabricated to keep the inmates from communicating during rare trips outside their cells. Cells are equipped with feed doors and individual exercise yards to prevent contact between inmates, and minimize contact between inmates and guards. In 1839, the County of Chester built its first off site jail at Market and New Street in West Chester, Pennsylvania. This structure subsequently underwent alteration and additions up until 1941. This Prison was modeled after the Walnut Street jails in Philadelphia the first County institution which was built in 1770. The only differences were the sanitary provisions, beds and heating for each cell. 1862 – A cabinet shop is opened in the prison. In the next ten years, the prison will add a shoe shop, a tailor shop, a wagon factory, and an expansion to the cabinet shop for other furniture and chairs. By 1878, the revenues will be sufficient to allow the prison to run without drawing appropriations from the state’s treasury. A knitting industry is added in 1893, a twine plant in 1912, a cannery in 1915, a license plate operation in 1917, a print shop in the early 1920s, and a laundry in 1940. The laundry, license plate, wood and metal furniture, printing and signage, silk-screening, and tailoring operations survive to this day at the prison. Community Era 1960’s to 1980. During this era there were lot of Development of behavioral techniques in 1930s and 1940s brought about concept of treatment in prisons. â€Å"Correctional Facilities. † Treatment based on â€Å"medical model. † Individual and group therapy programs evolved. Neurosurgery- Used to control aggressive behavior and destructive urges – frontal lobotomies were part of this approach. Sensory deprivation- Denial of stimulation by isolating prisoners in quiet, secluded environment. Aversion therapy- Drugs and/or electric shock used to teach prisoner to associate negative behavior with pain and displeasure. Today’s Prisons In today’s prisons Whites – 1229 incarcerated per 100,000 white males in their late 20’s. Blacks – 10,376 incarcerated per 100,000 black males in their late 20’s. the prisons today with the maximum system looks like the: high fences/walls of concrete barriers between living area and outer perimeter, electric perimeters, laser motion detectors, electronic and pneumatic locking systems, metal detectors, X-ray machines and television surveillance. Medium security prison, Similar in design to maximum security facilities, however, they allow prisoners more freedom. In them, prisoners can usually: associate with other prisoners, go to the prison yard, use exercise room/equipment, visit the library and take showers and use bathroom facilities with less supervision. Also in the medium security prison they usually have dormitory style housing. Cells and living quarters tend to have more windows. These facilities tend to have barbed wire fences instead of large stone walls. Last we have the minimum security prisons which: Housing tends to be dormitory style and prisoners usually have freedom of movement within the facility. Work is done under general supervision only. Guards are unarmed, and gun towers do not exist. Fences, if they exist, are low and sometimes unlocked. â€Å"Counts† are usually not taken. Prisoners are sometimes allowed to wear their own clothes. I believe that all the eras had a lot to do with how far we have come in the correctional system today. I would have to say that the way we are running the system today is the best we have had and we will continue to learn and over time will make the system better.

Innovation (Apple Ipod) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Innovation (Apple Ipod) - Essay Example (Albury, 2005) From the singers to the composers, from the lyricists to the manufacturers of the devices which are used for playing music – they all are the key players in the music industry. The player that has been chosen for this report is the manufacturer of the music playing device. Apple introduced the revolutionary portable media player, called iPod on 23rd October 2001. (Breen, 2003) And this has been a major contribution to the world of innovation, since it radically altered the way music was being listened to. Innovation is to produce something new, whether it is an idea, a method or a device. Innovation opens the horizon for new dimensions to be explored and also fulfill some market niche which was unexplored and touched upon before the innovation. (Tushman, 2004) Moreover, the definition of innovation does not end there. Its scope is pretty vast. Innovation is not just about introducing a new thing; it is also about improving something old by adding an element of freshness and newness to it. Innovation is all about creativity. (Tidd, 2006) Innovation can happen in any field but mostly it is important in the field of business because that is where competition is intense and companies are fighting to gain the attention of the firm and they need to get a competitive edge somehow to come to notice. Innovation gives them that. Innovation requires creativity, and for a product to be successful ultimately, we need to make sure that it is functioning properly and is fitting the purpose for which it was created. (Tumi, 2002) Therefore, doing trial and error and continuously experimenting with your imagination is the preparation for an innovative product. For this purpose, companies open Research and Development Departments where they can experiment all they want to before finally giving a product to the end user.   Innovation is a concept which has been studied by managers and analysts time and

Critical Thinking Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking Discussion Question - Essay Example Framing a problem before offering up solutions can influence the outcome. Prior to an early morning board meeting a look out the window shows heavy snow falling. A check online at The Weather Channel shows a forecast of heavy snow for the next forty-eight hours. With this information you head down the hall to the boardroom where others are gathering. There is murmuring about the weather and the desire of many to go home. The chairman of the board enters and begins to discuss the need to draft a coordinated plan to hire contractors to build a bridge that the team designed. It is Wednesday and he wants the finished product on his desk by Friday. The others in the room are periodically glancing toward the window where they can see the snow falling. The room is quiet. The Chairman looks out the window and then back at the room full of employees. He chuckles and says: Oh yeah, grab your laptops and go home. Set up a conference call to compile your work and have it in my email box by Friday. A sigh of relief fills the room. The Chairman leaves the room followed by the team heading towards the doors with coats and laptops in hand. Problem solved! Forces of influence can change how one frames an argument and that influences the outcome.

Escape from Tomorrow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Escape from Tomorrow - Essay Example In relation to other films of the same genre, Moore puts effort in pointing at cultural freedom. The director does not seek permission to shoot the film in Disney World but the movie manages to come out to the public to attract attention because of its relevance. Films by other directors that are in the same genre do not exploit freedom and override some concepts that are necessary in the family theme (Amy, 2012, pg. 106). Moore categorically presents his main character Jim with all the characteristics that contemporary fathers and husbands go through. The author goes ahead to indicate to the audience that the delusions of Jim lead to his death. Movies and films in the same genre as Escape from Tomorrow have a happy conclusion unlike Moore’s story where Jim dies in his delusions. Another similar film similar to Escape from Tomorrow is Mary Poppins that has the context of the family and a theme that points out problems within the family set-up (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25xPAyNLQv4). Comparing the two movies, Moore concentrates more on the resultant effects that outside influences have on the family institution. Mary Poppins has a micro aspect that concentrates on happenings within the family set up, how problems arise and consequences of continuous disagreements within the family. Making comparisons of movies of the same genre opens up severalthemes that might have been overlooked by the producers themselves (Laurie, 2013, pg. 120). From the two films, the common aspect is problems that exist in families caused by both internal and external factors.

TLMT312 WEEK 5 FORUM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TLMT312 WEEK 5 FORUM - Assignment Example They have a definite or regular shape that facilitates their easy storage and handling as opposed to non rigid containers which do not hold their shape. Non rigid containers have an indefinite shape because of lack of supporting structures. ii. Nonrigid containers in most cases will take the shape of its contents. This is opposed to the rigid containers, of which its contents, especially, fluids and gases take the shape of the container. This is vital in the determination of the type of container to be used during packaging by the organization. In the cost reduction strategy, it is required that appropriate container be selected as per the volume of the load. iii. Ordinarily, rigid containers will take more storage space as opposed to non rigid containers which can be folded to occupy less space. Nonrigid containers in the long run save the storage cost accrued from usage of less space. In the supply and procurement department this is important so as to strategies to ensure that the organization still makes profits. iv. Rigid containers have more storage and maintenance costs as opposed to non rigid containers. This is due to labor used for cleaning and storing the rigid containers. Most non rigid containers are non reusable, thus do not attract the costs. (Donald J. Bowersox, 2009) v. In most cases rigid containers are durable and reusable as opposed to non rigid containers. This is vital in the cost benefit analysis 2of the firm to ensure that it is making profits. The usage of rigid containers saves costs that would emanate from frequently container purchases. Oftenly, rigid containers are usually highly priced than the non rigid containers because of their durability and reusability. vi. In rigid container the manufacturers must give instructions and provide documentation for the evaluation, purchase, processing, and effective use of containers as opposed to non rigid where the is no much

Organization Theory & Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organization Theory & Design - Essay Example The company has been able to sell its product on a worldwide basis, because the products are easy to use, and do the job that they are touted for, but the company's culture also spells professionalism. No company in the world that has accomplished as much as Dell has could do so in a 'fly by night' manner. This success speaks volumes for the company's leadership. The leadership, from top to bottom, is composed primarily of individuals much like Mike (and in this case not the one who can dunk a basketball). Observing these individuals through the company's website is a lot like looking at men, and a couple of women, who dress and portray the image of professionalism. Each, with few exceptions, is wearing a suit and tie, or similar fashions for the women, and conservative white shirts. Whether this perception is reality, or whether the leaders of the organization are truly as professional as they seem and if that professionalism carries over to the rest of the employees is a question that can, and cannot be answered by observing the company's website. The question can be answered if the professionalism of the website itself is an example of how the company is conducted and managed. This particular website is easy to navigate, has very few grammatical or spelling errors that would seem to imply an "I don't care' attitude, and with the website's professional look the impression that is created is one that Dell cares enough about how it is perceived that even such items as the website shows care and diligence. On the other hand, the website is only a picture of a certain segment of the organization itself, and even though it is a relatively clear and unambiguous picture, it could portray only what the company wishes to portray. That seems to be the less than likely scenario, although one that needs to at least be considered. Another telling factor in being able to discern a professional environment at Dell, is the massive amount of growth mentioned earlier in the paper. There is very little likelihood of one man creating a small company in 1983 and within less than 25 years watching that company grow to $50 billion in sales every year.There is very little likelihood of that happening unless, of course, there was a fair amount of professionalism found within the company. That type of environment feeds upon itself, with most individuals emulating those cohorts that they come in constant contact with. As new employees enter the scene, they tend to emulate what they see, adhere to the standards already set, and follow the guidelines (written or unwritten) that they perceive. Therefore; professionalism begats more professionalism, which begats more professionalism, and so on and so on. The environment then becomes a self-fulfilling proponent of success (at least in Dell's case). Much of this professional attitude must start from the top and filter down, which says a lot concerning Michael Dell and his executive staff. The executive staff and the leaders at Dell have control of the company and seem to realize what a responsibility that control is. By participating with other standards organizations as

Review of Movie 'Inside Job' Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of 'Inside Job' - Movie Review Example Loan companies and banks became more free to gamble with the money of the depositors, borrow much more money and to offer the investors highly complex financial structures. They offered financial instruments which had streams of income from different bundled up debts this included the high interest home loans that the high risk borrowers were offered. Theses sub-prime markets offered abnormally high returns. A legal analysis of the film documents the fraud perpetrated by investment banks and their role in causing the 2008 global financial meltdown (Ferguson). Fraud refers to a false representation of a factual matter whether by conduct or words, by misleading or false allegations or by hiding of what should have been revealed. Fraud is prevalent in the buying or selling of intangible property such as stocks, copyrights, and bonds. Fraud is proved though five stages; a falsified statement of a material fact. Secondly, the knowledge on the defendants part that the statement is untrue. Third, intent on the defendant’s part to deceive the victim. Fourth, the victim’s justifiable reliance on the falsified statement and the final stage is injury to the victim. The film ‘inside job’ reveals instances of Fraud as discussed in the paragraph below. The film ‘inside job’ reveals that Goldman Sachs, an investment company, was guilty of fraud. The company recommended their customers to go for the Timberwolf mortgages claiming that they were backed with securities. They highly recommended the customers to take the deal yet they aware of the loopholes. They secretly discussed that Timberwolf was a lame deal but this was after they sold the securities to them. When selling the securities they lied about the expected performances and the securities and failed to disclose and provide accurate and timely information about the real value of the said securities. The company was betting against

Case Study- Malden Mills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study- Malden Mills - Essay Example The $25 million payment in payroll was bad for the company because it forced the firm to pay additional debt in the long run which raised the fixed costs of the company (Fina-lib, 2011). A good aspect about the decision was that that company built a reputation with the government, private industry, and general public that helped the company in the future land a $19 million U.S Department of Defense manufacturing apparel contract. My decision after the fire would have been either to retire or to move the operations to a foreign country that offered lower operating costs. Feuerstein did not consider the implications of the potential of losing a lot of customers after the fire. Many of the customers that left could not be recovered because they entered into contractual obligations with other manufacturers. If one of the vision’s of the company was to keep the operation in America I would have followed the firm’s vision, but the operation would have been reopened at a smaller scale through the implementation of a downsizing initiative. The firm would have lost between 20-40% of its employees and under no circumstance would I have turned the firm into a social agency by paying free salaries from the money that should have been used to reconstruct the business. Feuersteins philosophy of human resources was that the employees of the company were the most valuable asset the firm had. Retaining and developing human capital was a top priority of the firm. The company had a human resource philosophy that is aligned with the Japanese philosophy of lifetime employment. Feuerstein’s believed that the well being of the employees was his responsibility. 4. Before the fire, Malden Mills was a privately held company, owned by Feuerstein. After the fire, Feuerstein had to borrow money from different creditors in order to rebuild his business. Please answer the following: The difference between a privately owned company and a publicly owned

Industrial Haygene Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Industrial Haygene - Lab Report Example The length of the stain discoloration is an indication of the measured substance. The tube is graduated in percentage carboxy hemoglobin therefore readings are done directly from the graduations. The detector tubes measure air contaminants in the concentration range of occupational exposure limits. Their characterization is application dependents as illustrated in figure 2. The measurement assembly comprises of the Drager tube and pump. The gas detector pump delivers a precise volume of sample gas (usually 100mL) while simultaneously pulling it through the detector at a desired rate (figure 3). The pumps can either be short term or long term depending on user applications (Drager 25). They are dependent of external energy sources hence their diverse applications. In order to provide greater maneuverability, an extension hose may be utilized in hard to reach areas. There is a close relationship between the Carbon monoxide content of exhaled air. The respiratory carbon monoxide test is a reliable as well as efficient method for measuring carboxyhemoglobin content of blood (Dragger 38). The aim of this experiment is given a process of determining carbon monoxide concentration. The pump was routinely checked for leaks and suction capacity. Air was blown (exhaled air) into a 1L sampling bag with the aid of a resistance tube. The Drager tube, pump and were connected as in figure 5. The bellows of the Drager pump was then compressed to a maximum level and released. Suction is automatic on release of the bellows. The gas detector pump draws out air from the sample bag into the gas detector tube. Observe the length of the discoloration and read the graduations on the beaker. Carbon monoxide tube produces a light brownish green discoloration. The process was repeated two more times using different gas detector tubes. It is paramount that observations are

Coffee Industry Essay Example for Free

Coffee Industry Essay People usually drink coffee to stay up while awake at night, besides that many people rely on coffee to get their day started. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, â€Å"Drinking coffee can lead to a longer life†; however, many consumers have no idea of the impact of habits on their coffee and coffee farmers around the globe, ethical issues of consumers with the industry is not fair; but to coffee farmers, the issues are human rights violations and use of child labor issues need to be addressed. To remedy this situation, the fair trade will hopefully improve the living conditions of some of the poorest people in the world through certified value and the change in the consumers choice. Coffee is one of the most valuable commodities in the world, most of the farmers in the form of small retail and come from developing countries, although the majority of coffee sales are in the America and Europe many people around the world rely on coffee to work and have a better life; however, to producing quality coffee, farmers have to work very hard though farmers receive very little money and the inequity of the coffee producing companies when they sell coffee. Working conditions of farmers in the plantations are very different, although they work hard , but it paid for exploitation, for example , in Guatemala , coffee pickers to harvest 100 pounds to get the minimum wage $ 3 per day (The Problem with Fair Trade Coffee 2010),farmers have to work overtime and do not earn extra money, so farmers use child labor for the production of coffee to save money and use these chemicals effect of the human body in order for a fast development of coffee sale on the market. Moreover, using the chemicals and the development of the coffee industry adversely affect habitat and species decline. In addition, forests are cut down to coffee production affects the environment and soil erosion. According to World Wildlife Fund (WWF), â€Å"converting forest to tea and coffee agriculture can also create erosion and soil loss† (WWF 2010) ; Yet the farmers have no choice and/or the opportunity to change. According to the International Coffee Organization or ICO â€Å"Coffee production in 2012 was 144 611 000 bags, mostly from less developed countries such as, Brazil 50 826 000 bags ,Vietnam 22 000 000 bags and Indonesia 12 730 000 bags â€Å" (ICO 2013), though coffee production is highly ranked in the world, but farmers still do not get enough money to pay for life, for example. Vietnam in 2012, producing nearly 30 % of world coffee production but the turnover is only 10 % of the total trade value obtained from the global industry, the main reason is due to their ability to improve processing of value and coffee products are limited, coffee roasting plants in countries with rates lower than 10%, when farmers sells 1kg of coffee beans, farmers gets about 2 dollars or an average price of one cup of coffee oversea, yet 1 kg of coffee can make 50 cups. In addition, the links between farmers and enterprises are not strong, the lack of information on farmers markets, so farmers often extorted. Moreover, the risk of crop failure is the fear of the coffee growers. Most of the profits from coffee for export processing enterprises, coffee farmers only enjoy a small percentage. That has caused insecurity for farmers. Solution to this problem is the fair trade. According to Wikimedia, Fair trade coffee is coffee that is certified as having been produced and marketed to a stated set of standards. Many Customers pay a higher price when buying coffee with the certification logo or brand in the Belief Furniture , by doing so, they are helping farmers in the Third World . In particular, the fair trade coffee movement gives a reasonable price to the Farmers who were being a low wage labor exploitation. However, achieve certification of fair trade, farmers must meet several conditions of production as farmers have to meet a large variety of production standards : there are limits on the use of child labor , pesticides , herbicides , genetically modified products , etc. With these standards met, both consumers and farmers can benefit, with farmers getting the sufficient amount of money for their products, and the consumers getting their product knowing it’s safe to consume and has no effect on the producers financially or ethnically. These farmers must cooperate with businesses to produce the certified products, such amounts received will be higher and the lives of the farmers would be better. In addition, consumers should choose certified products in the supermarket or the market as this will support and will be helpful for farmers. In conclusion, fair trading is the way for farmers and coffee producers to get a higher amount, and will change lives for the better. Therefore farmers should choose fair trade to ensure benefits and consumers should choose products that have been certified to support the farmers. Reference * The problem with Fair Trade Coffee. * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://www. ssireview. org/articles/entry/the_problem_with_fair_trade_coffee * Coffee Production and Labor. * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://www. organicconsumers. org/starbucks/coffeelabor. htm * Fair Trade Coffee * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fair_trade_coffee * International Coffee Organization- EXPORTING COUNTRIES: TOTAL PRODUCTION * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://www. ico. org/prices/po. htm. * Health and effect of Coffee * Retrieved August 30, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Health_effects_of_coffee * Environmental Impacts of Coffee and Tea Production * Retrieved September 2, 2013 from http://www. hellogreentomorrow. com/blog/2010/11/environmental-impacts-of-coffee-and-tea-production.

Analysis Of The Cartesian Dualism

Analysis Of The Cartesian Dualism There is the relationship between a reason and an action when the reason explains the action by giving the agents reason for doing what he did. The reason explains the action in this way (a reason that rationalizes the action) also causes the action. There is some confusion, then, about reasons for action. The idea of a reason for action seems to some most naturally to pick out considerations that count in favor of acting in a certain way, while to others it picks out psychological states that explain action. We believe that the relation has to be causal, in order to pick out, from among the many reasons that a person might have acted upon, those that the person did, in fact, act upon. It is convenient to begin by considering dualism. The major position here is Cartesian dualism, named after Descartes, the central figure in post-medieval philosophical discussion of the mind-body problem. For a Cartesian dualist the mind and body are both substances; but while the body is an extended, and so a material, substance, the mind is an unextended, or spiritual, substance, subject to completely different principles of operation from the body. It was this doctrine that Gilbert Ryle caricatured as the myth of the ghost in the machine. It is in fact a serious and important theory. In the Cartesian Dualism, the brain is part of the physical body but the mind or the spirit is not. The mind interacts with the physical body through the brain, more specifically, through the pineal gland in the middle of the two hemispheres of the brain. The body could be divided up by removing a leg or arm, but the mind or soul is indivisible. The mind is not only indivisible but also invisible and immortal. The body is the exact opposite being visible, mortal and divisible. The mind in Descartes explanation is a thinking thing (lat. res cogitans) and immaterial. This thing is capable of doubting, believing, hoping and thinking on its own. The body is extended matter: the soul is unextended spirit. When, however, the extended is acted upon by the unextended, some definite point of interaction is required and it is to be found in the pineal gland. Yet the soul is united to all parts of the body conjointly. The whole body is the souls proper housing so long as the body remains intact. When a member of the bodyan arm or a leg, for exampleis cut off, there is no loss of part of the soul as a consequence because the soul is unitary and indivisible. It then occupies what is left of the body. So without attempting to resolve all the problems, he simply stated that there is a dualism of mind and body, and their interaction is clearly real. The brain is the major locus for the mind or consciousness of the soul, yet mind or consciousness is distributed throughout the whole body. The point of interaction between the two is the pineal gland. Monism is defined as the doctrine that there is only one ultimate substance or principle, whether mind, matter, or some third thing that is the basis of both (or) the doctrine that reality is an organic whole without independent parts (Websters New World Dictionary). The concept of psychological dualism asserts that man is more than the sum of his genotype. Dualistic man has a mind that is separate from his body. This mind may be housed or contained within the body, but it is not contingent upon the physical body for its existence. The mind can act upon the body, and the body can act upon the mind, but they are separate entities that have been traditionally believed to separate at death at which point neither has any influence over the other. The most important aspect of this philosophy is its recognition of a non-biological component of the human person. By the turn of the twentieth century, it had become clear that talk of the mind is too broad and that there may be issues to do with experience and sensation that are distinct from those that arise in connection with such mental states as believing, desiring, and the like (the so-called propositional attitudes). It was thought that, while functionalism, for example, might provide a plausible account of belief, it encountered real difficulties when it came to accounting for experience. Functionalism is a material monist theory of mind: it asserts that everything is physical. It is highly significant both in that it develops behaviourism and that it paved the way for empirical work in neuro-physiology and cognitive science. It was created as Hilary Putnam interpreted conscious states in terms of the (then new) science of computational theory. The function of the brain, states the theory, is consciousness. This approach is useful because by reducing the mind to a function it does away with the issue of how that function is performed. A function can be defined abstractly, without concerning itself with how that function is discharged in the same way that an equation can specify the relationship between X and Y without needing to specify how that equation might be solved. Thus, functionalism avoids the question of how the brain might achieve the feat of consciousness that dogs other materialist theories. Functionalism is also both a response to and a development of behaviourism. Behaviourism argues that conscious states can be understood in terms of sensory input and behavioural output. This leads to a significant issue; namely that it ascribes conscious states to any input/output system (e.g. a water tank). Functionalism adds an intermediary step, arguing that sensory input is processed by a function before output. Thus, two crucial differences to behaviourism are introduced: the function can lead to one or many outputs and some or all of the output can form the input to another internal function without the requirement for external expressive behaviour. With this simple device the diversity of the mind can theoretically be accounted for. An everyday illustration of this process might be a car. It receives multiple inputs in the form of petrol, oil, water, etc and outputs motion, gases, heat, etc. During this transformation process (function) we can also see an example of feedback: some of the motion of the car is used to power the alternator to generate electricity, which in turn forms one of the inputs to the combustion process. So now we have a brief understanding of the theory let us examine why this important theory came about. Firstly there is the need to respond to behaviourism and to overcome its shortcomings. Functionalism can also be seen as developing along with other new concepts of the time. The new science of computers and computational mathematics supplied concepts that could be applied to the brain as a complex system. Functionalism was also applying empiricism to a new area, paralleling the method of the huge advancements made in science in the twentieth century. Each mental state (or process) correlates with some neurological state (or process) Different mental states correlate with different neurological states (though one and the same mental state can have different neural correlates). The correlations are based on causal interactions between minds and brains. Mental occurrences can simply be taken as brain processes (Identity Theory). Mental states/processes are brain states/processes. Hence, we can identify sensations and other mental phenomena with (physical) brain processes.

Batch Reactor As A Plant Engineering Essay

Batch Reactor As A Plant Engineering Essay What is a plant unit. All Equipment that make up a plant can be divided into 3 different categories or levels, the highest being the Plant as a whole, then the plant units and the lowest are the plant items. While the actual plant performs an overall production, the Plant unit refers to the main components of a Plant which perform a major production function of the Plant and without which the Plant can not continue its operations. A Plant unit is made up of items but it can be replaced as a whole (Anthony Kellyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) In this Plant, the Batch Reactor receives raw materials from the raw material storage, processes them for a certain amount of time then transfers them to the centrifuge feed vessel. From the above diagram, it is obvious that the Batch Reactor is a major component of the plant and from its function it is seen that the reactor must process the raw material for progress to be made to the next stage of production. I am therefore concluding this as my explanation as to why the Batch reactor is a plant unit. Explain Your Reasons For Concluding That This Unit Is Critical For Production. Several Factors determine how critical a piece of equipment is to production. They include: Will the Equipment affect safety in the plant? Will the Equipment not working cause downtime in the plant? How easily can the Equipment be maintained? What is the cost of this maintenance? What is the current situation of the Equipment? (Paul Wheelhouse) Now each of the factors can be used to examine the Batch Reactor and after which an educated decision can be made. The Batch Reactor affects the safety in the plant because its function involves the heating of chemicals under pressure and its failure might cause the leakage of these chemicals or at the worst lead to an explosion in the Plant. If the Batch Reactor was to stop working, there would be prolonged downtime until it is fixed; this is due to the fact that the Reactor performs a major function in the Plant without which further production would come to a halt. The Batch Reactor is made up of a number of different items, some of which can be run-to-failure, but for the most an established schedule of maintenance must be made for. Without such a schedule, maintenance would be most difficult to carry out. The cost of maintaining the Batch Reactor may vary but if is not properly attended to; one fault might lead to another even bigger one so the cost of maintaining might increase. The items in the Batch Reactor have a life plan which is currently not being kept to; this means the Equipment requires monitoring to avoid random failure or prolonged breakdown and downtime. On the account of the above facts, it is my belief that the Batch Reactor needs to be labelled as critical. Extract Any User Requirements For This Designated Unit From The Plant Description. Are There Any Production Windows? What are User requirements? This simply refers to the specifications that are inbuilt in a piece of equipment so that it might be able to fulfil the end users needs according to those tasks which it is used to perform. In line with the plant description given on this particular Batch Reactor, a number of user requirements can be ascertained and these are listed below: To receive 18te of raw materials from the raw material storage. To remain sealed and heat its contents through a preset temperature / time profile by use of a temperature control system consisting of a thermocouple in a temperature pocket, a temperature controller and a control valve. That the control valve regulates the supply of low pressure steam. That its temperature alarm signal when the temperature exceeds 1250C. That all safety relief valves work in event of an increase of temperature past the safety limit of 1250C. That the bottom run off valve opens when the operation is complete and releases the contents from the Batch reactor to the centrifuge feed vessel by the discharge pump. That the operation lasts 10 hours only. What is a production window? This is a period during production in which maintenance procedures can be carried out without causing a halt in production. With emphasis on the Batch reactor it can be seen that there is a production window and this can be explained below. While the batch reactor makes 18te of product every 10 hours, the centrifuge processes this product at a rate of 1.5te an hour i.e. it would have completely used up the 18te of product in 12 hours. Since it takes 10 hours for the batch reactor to work, this would give a 2 hour production window in which it can be properly maintained. Also depending on the capacity of the centrifuge storage vessel, it is possible for the batch reactor to work overtime filling this feed vessel up and then be switched off and maintained while the centrifuge is operated using the previously stored produce in the centrifuge feed vessel. Extract Any Corporate Requirements for This Unit From The Plant Description. What are corporate requirements? These are the requirements which the upper management or Business sector of the company running plant desire from its industrial operations in order to make a suitable return on its investments (ROI). From the plant description the following corporate requirements can be made below: That its keeps to its scheduled annual shutdown period of 16 hours during week 40 each year. That all maintenance pertaining to the batch reactor abides by the permit to work system which controls all maintenance activities. That the batch reactor achieves a 25 year life and that the gearboxes achieve a 15 year life as well. That the batch reactor remains well-painted, clean and tidy at all times. Extract Any Legislative Requirements for This Unit From The Plant Description. What are legislative requirements? These are Plant requirements made by the Law, rules or regulations or the Country in which the Plant operates. They must be implemented in order for the plant to avoid sanctions or being shut down. In this particular plant description they include: That the Batch Reactor abides by the rules by the FDA and British pharmaceutical Society put in place for their license holders. All production and maintenance activities involving the Batch reactor comply with the Good Manufacturing practise (GMP). That the processes involving the Batch Reactor are as okayed by the quality standard ISO 9002. That the batch reactor conforms to the environmental standard ISO14000. That if used by the Pharmaceutical inspection team, the batch reactor must pass any risk-based inspections based on a DNV methodology that might be carried out. Comment On If Some of The tasks Designed For Shutdown Could be Done During Production Windows Or When The Plant Is Online. Could Any Of These Tasks Be Designated For Completion During Production Windows Be Completed Online? We have previous explained what production windows are and when a Plant is online refers to when the plant is carrying its usual operational procedures. From the work done previously in section 1.3, we now know that there is a definite 2 hour production window during which the batch reactor can be maintained while the centrifuge is working. In looking at the life plan for the batch reactor unit, there are a certain amount of tasks that could be done in 2 hours and should be moved from shut down to production window, these are: The replacement of the trim of the CV1 every 2 years. The pressure testing and inspection of the SV1 every 6 years. The visual check of the Agitator every 6 years. The SV2 pressure testing and inspection every 6 years. There is only one task put to be completed when there is a production window and it can be done while the Plant is online. This is the weekly visual check on the Agitator coupling, because if it is checked while online it might lead to the location of which wouldnt have being seen if the equipment was offline. Analyse The Recorded Jobs From The Computer Maintenance Management System (CMMS) For This Unit. Is There Any Evidence Which Confirms That The Life Plan Is Being Carried out? Is There Any Evidence To Say If The Life Plan Is Effective Or Not? What is a Life plan? All plant units or manufacturing stages in production are designed to have a certain life. To fulfil this, maintenance plans are put in place to achieve this expected equipment life and if possible, to exceed it. These maintenance plans are called Life plans. (Wheelhouse, 2008) On comparing the life plan of the batch reactor to the computer maintenance management system (CMMS) it can be seen that the life plan isnt being carried out. This is due to the factor that there is a remarkable difference between the standard time taken to maintain every single unit item in the reactor and the actual time the job was done in hours, meaning the maintenance done cannot be adequately planned for and could lead to excessive downtime. It can be seen that for this singular reason the life plan of the batch reactor is not capable of being effective. Use The Figures, Plant Description And The Data From The CMMS To Analyse The Unit Into Its Maintenance Causing Items. Using the figure 1 shown previously and the figure 2 shown directly above as well as the Life plan and the CMMS, the maintenance causing items can be broken down as done bel Batch Chemical Reactor CV1 Agitator Coupling Temperature controller Gearbox Motor bearing Oil seal Agitator Trim Agitator gear box Reactor Vessel Temperature sensor Pump Motor Pump bearing SV1 SV2 P1 V1 Vessel Jacket Figure 3: The Maintenance Causing Items in a Batch Chemical Reactor Develop your own life plan for these maintenance causing items using the task selection logic for Reliability Centred Maintenance. RCM WORK SHEET SYSTEM: CHEMICAL PLANT SUB-SYSTEM: BATCH CHEMICAL REACTOR SUB- SYSTEM FUNCTION FUNTIONAL FAILURE FAILURE MODE FAILURE EFFECT CRITICALITY RESPONSE TIME FREQUENCY CV1 Regulates supply of low Pressure steam Unable to supply Steam at all. Supplies Inadequate steam Faulty Trim Absence or insufficient Supply of steam High Replace trim 3 hrs 2 yearly (Production window) Agitator Motor Gearbox Transmit motion to the Agitator Fails to transmit motion To the Agitator. Broken seal Shortage of lubrication Damaged bearings Worn gear teeth Oil leakage Damage to gearbox Medium Monitor vibrations and check oil seal and condition. 2 hrs (vibration monitoring), 12 mins oil inspection Monthly Vibrations, Daily oil seal checks (Online) Agitator Coupling Connects Agitator motor gearbox to Agitator for motion transmission Doesnt transmit motion From gearbox to agitator. Transmits inadequate Motion. Slackness in fitting Doesnt give agitator The necessary Transmitted motion. Medium Tighten coupling as required. 6 mins Daily (online) Temperature Controller Controls the temperature making sure it doesnt exceed 1250 C Unable to read the correct temperature. Faulty temperature sensor . Increase or reduction of reactor temperature on wrong information. High Recalibrate temperature sensor. 2 hrs 2 year (Production window) SV1 Releases the pressure steam in the vessel during times of alert. Unable to release excess pressure steam Blockage at valve outlet. Crack in valve Pressure steam is not released properly or in time. High Inspect, pressure test and recondition if necessary. 3 hrs 6 yearly (Shutdown) SV2 Releases excess steam in the jacket in times of alert Unable to release excess steam Blockage at valve outlet. Crack in valve Pressure steam is not released properly or in time. High Inspect, pressure test and recondition if necessary 3 hrs Yearly (Production window) Agitator Shakes, stirs mixes the raw materials in the reactor. Unable to stir or mix Raw materials. Damaged blades Eroded surface Raw materials are not mixed properly. Medium Recoat or replace as necessary. 3 hrs Re-coat or replace as necessary.(Shutdown) Jacket Maintain its integrity and contain raw materials during processing. Leakage of materials during processing. Damaged or eroded Parts. Contents leak out causing contamination. High Pressure test and repair as necessary. 5 hrs Yearly (Shutdown) V1 Releases processed material to P1 pump Processed materials not released Leakage of material during release Blockage at valve outlet Crack in valve Contents not released properly. Contents leak out causing contamination. High Leak test and repair if necessary. 15 mins Daily test (Online) P1 Transfer processed materials from reactor to centrifuge feed vessel Leaks material Unable to pump materials at all. Pumps materials at Wrong rate. Replace seal if necessary. Replace pump if necessary. Contents leak. Contents not pumped properly High Condition monitoring Replace seal if necessary Replace pump if necessary. 1.5 hrs (Condition Monitoring) 4 mins (Leak test) Monthly condition Monitoring (Online), Daily leak checks (online) Figure 1.4: Life Plan using RCM logic. Compare and contrast between your Life plan with the one described previously, comment on any similarities and differences. There are a number of ways in which my Life plan differs from the one previously given but there are also ways in which both are similar. Some of them are as listed below: To begin, the first detail that can be noticed when comparing both life plans is that since I used the RCM selection logic, my life plan carries much more details as I included the functions, functional failures, failure modes, failure effect and criticality of each subsystem or item. This will be particularly useful in settling up priorities as the criticality of each subsystem is set at low, medium or high depending on the considerations of safety, performance and impact of the subsystem or item on the rest of the plant. I brainstormed and added more failure modes and their activities than had being previously discovered or had activities planned for in the previous life plan so as to further prepare maintenance personnel to be able to tackle these failures if and when they do occur. I changed the time frame for certain activities to take into consideration the new 2 hour production window that was discovered earlier. This will help reduce the amount tasks that are done during a shutdown and therefore cut down the downtime which the plant undergoes. I increased the amount of time to be used to accomplish most tasks due to the fact that in the previous life plan, insufficient time was allocated to these tasks so therefore they couldnt be planned or executed properly within the targets set for them. Now in terms of similarities, I observed that the preventive maintenance and condition monitoring carried out on the Batch Reactor had ensured breakdowns were kept to a minimum so bearing this in mind, I retained all the activities from the old life plan and continued using them for the various items. I also continued to carry out maintenance activities at the same frequency that was mapped out in the old life plan as I believe that the punctuality with which activities were carried out improved the reliability of the equipment. CHAPTER 2 Describe The Philosophy of Total Productive Maintenance. What is TPM? Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) refers to a management system for optimizing the productivity of manufacturing equipment through systematic equipment maintenance involving employees at all levels.   Under TPM, everyone is involved in keeping the equipment in good working order to minimize production losses from equipment repairs, assists, set-ups, and the like. (http://www.siliconfareast.com/tpm.htm). The goal of TPM is to increase production while at the same time boosting employee morale and job satisfaction. (Venkatesh. J) This is possible because there would be less downtime as TPM is carried out by the Operators on the items or machinery which they use as they, the maintainers and Designers work as a team towards the total elimination of equipment defects in the Plant (Paul Wheelhouse). History of TPM TPM is a Japanese idea that can be traced back to 1951 when preventive maintenance was introduced into Japan from the USA. Nippondenso, part of Toyota, was the first company in Japan to introduce plant wide preventive maintenance in 1960. In preventive maintenance operators produced goods using machines and the maintenance group was dedicated to the work of maintaining those machines. However with the high level of automation of Nippondenso, maintenance became a problem as so many more maintenance personnel were now required. So the management decided that the routine maintenance of equipment would now be carried out by the operators themselves. This is known as Autonomous maintenance, one of the features of TPM. The maintenance group then focussed only on maintenance works for upgrades. For pioneering TPM, Nippondenso became the 1st company to receive TPM certification (wikipedia). Why Use TPM? For TPM to be used in an Organisation, everyone from senior management to the operators on the floor must be carried along and made to understand why this particular system is being used. For this to happen effectively, the Motives, Objectives and benefits must be fully stated out and properly absorbed. The table below gives a generic illustration: Motives of TPM Adoption of life cycle approach for improving the overall performance of production equipment. Improving productivity by highly motivated workers which is achieved by job enlargement. The use of voluntary small group activities for identifying the cause of failure, possible plant and equipment modifications. Uniqueness of TPM The major difference between TPM and other concepts is that the operators are also made to involve in the maintenance process. The concept of I (Production operators) Operate, You (Maintenance department) fix is not followed. TPM Objectives Achieve Zero Defects, Zero Breakdown and Zero accidents in all functional areas of the organization. Involve people in all levels of organization. Form different teams to reduce defects and Self Maintenance. Direct benefits of TPM Increase productivity and OPE (Overall Plant Efficiency ) by 1.5 or 2 times. Rectify customer complaints. Reduce the manufacturing cost by 30%. Satisfy the customers needs by 100 % (Delivering the right quantity at the right time, in the required quality.) Reduce accidents. Follow pollution control measures. Indirect benefits of TPM Higher confidence level among the employees. Keep the work place clean, neat and attractive. Favourable change in the attitude of the operators. Achieve goals by working as team. Horizontal deployment of a new concept in all areas of the organization. Share knowledge and experience. The workers get a feeling of owning the machine. Figure 4 .TPM table Source: An Introduction to Total Productive Maintenance (Venkatesh. J) For TPM to start properly, the OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) should be calculated and a loss analysis performed to give both a baseline for continuous upgrading and ascertain the improvement priorities. This will allow the operator/core maintenance team to prioritize and then tackle the 6 classic losses of: Breakdowns Set-ups and changeovers Running at reduced speeds Minor stops and idling Quality defects, scrap, yield and rework Starting up losses The above losses add to the direct costs. Implementation of TPM attacks these and other direct (visible) costs as well as indirect (hidden) costs and follows each step in the production and supply chain from Management to the human resources to the Machine to the process, then to suppliers and finally to the customers (Willmott and McCarthy). Components of TPM Figure 4: Pillars of TPM Source: An Introduction to Total Productive Maintenance (Venkatesh. J) As shown above, TPM is made up of 8 main aspects which when combined present the full TPM package. They are: The 5 S which are primarily the foundation of TPM and involve organising the workplace. These are sorting, systematising, sweeping, standardising and self-discipline. Autonomous maintenance which refers to the operators handling most or in cases all of the maintenance concerning the machines which they operate. Kobetsu Kaizen means small improvements or changes for the better of the organisation. Planned maintenance entails scheduled maintenance which is done to ensure trouble free machines and equipments producing defect free products for total customer satisfaction. Quality maintenance is aimed at providing customer satisfaction by providing the highest quality through defect free manufacturing. Training to give employees a multi skilled edge. Office TPM to ensure administrative efficiency as well. Safety, health and environmental awareness to ensure zero accidents, zero health damages and zero fires (Venkatesh. J). Describe a Case Study Where TPM has been successfully applied The case study which I wish to use is that of RHP Bearings. This RHP Bearings branch which is in Blackburn, manufactures cast iron bearing housings for a variety of uses from agricultural machinery to fairground rides, and is one of seven RHP manufacturing sites in Europe owned by Japanese group NSK, the worlds second largest bearings manufacturer. How TPM was carried out. NSK acquired RHP in 1990, when the Blackburn site was under the imminent threat of closure because of high costs and the subsequent lack of competitiveness. Employing a staff of 93, TPM was then introduced to the site in 1993 but it didnt see much success till 1996 due to the fact that the earlier efforts to drive TPM had been largely theoretical and the workforce faded to see its relevance to the everyday running of the plant. In 1996 a maintenance company was brought in to do a scoping study of the plant, conduct a workshop and support two pilot TPM projects. The Plant Manager and the TPM facilitator then began to implement measures to ensure TPM was made directly relevant to the jobs of the staff. Operators were sent off to climb over their machines and log problems through a detailed condition appraisal, to establish a foundation for future TPM improvements. TPM was piloted on two key machines, the PGM core making machine in the foundry and the Shiftnal sphering machine in the machine shop, using a detailed seven-step TPM implementation programme: Collection and calculation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Data Assessing the six losses Criticality assessment and condition appraisal Risk assessment Refurbishment plan Asset care and best practice routines Regular review for problem solving TPM is applied to machines of all ages from new to 30 years old, ensuring that older machinery is brought up to modern specification and newer machinery is kept in as-new condition. The TPM was applied at the site by 9 different equipment teams focusing on specific machinery and involving 60% of the workforce. These teams included operators, maintainers, quality technicians and group leaders also drawing on help from personnel with specialist skills when necessary. Each Team developed a standard routine for their respective machines using: Autonomous Maintenance System (AMS) boards which show a schematic of the machine then tags with labels to show losses affecting availability, performance and quality. These labels are then used to generate TPM agendas for team meetings. TPM step notices which illustrate the machines progress in TPM seven step programme. Mainpac database which is used to gather machine performance details and calculate the OEE. Key performance indicators which the teams use to accesses their improvement and progress in areas of waste sand, Gas emissions, Kaizen, Customer returns, lost time incidents, injurious accidents, Audit and product conformance. Each team then has an activity board covering subjects such as milestone activities and previous days conformance result among others. To ensure TPM succeeded, Teams had to dedicate substantial time to carrying out laid down activities and held meetings as needed. Benefits of TPM Implementing TPM had both direct and indirect effect on the production system a combination of which generated major savings at RHP, Blackburn. Major Site-wide benefits were scored in the following areas: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬400,000 running costs saved Unit cost reduced by 21% Scrap reduced by 8% Attracting increased capital investment currently at 15% of turnover and Customer returns reduced by 11% Increased customer satisfaction Improved safety record Environmental and quality awards Improvement in staff morale The two key machines (The Shiftnal sphering and the PGM core making machine) also had major total cost saving OEE improvements as well as other time saving and cost reduction achievements making the TPM well worth it (Willmott and McCarthy). Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM) As Applied in a Section of a Plant What is RCM? RCM is a method for developing and selecting maintenance alternatives based on safety, operational and economical criteria. RCM employs a system perspective in its analyses of system functions, failures of functions and prevention of these functions (Jones, R.B). So RCM requires in-depth of the machinery, detailing all logic problems and their maintenance solutions and as such can be quite time consuming, for this reason it is usually used only on the critical equipment. The use of RCM methodology requires that 7 questions be answered: What are the functions of the Asset? What are the functional failures? What causes the functional failures? What happens when the failure occurs? How much does each failure matter? Can we predict or prevent failure and should we be doing so? How should we manage the failure if prediction or prevention is not an option?(Paul Wheelhouse) Now in order to answer the above questions, a System analysis process is used to begin RCM on any section of the plant. This System process will implement several steps, all of which define and characterize RCM and will methodically delineate the information required for the maintenance: Step 1. System selection and Information collection: Taking decisions as to what level of the plant at which to do the RCM and also choosing this system or section based on criticality i.e. based on function and impact on plant and environment. Step 2. System Boundary Definition: This involves creating an accurate list of what is or is not part of the section so an accurate list of components can identified and to establish what comes in and what leaves the System(IN and OUT interfaces). This is necessary to ensure the accuracy of the Systems analysis process. Step 3. System description and functional Block diagram: This is used to identify and document the essential details of a system that are needed to perform the remaining steps in a thorough and technical fashion. The five separate items are developed in this step: System Description Functional Block Diagram IN/OUT interfaces System Component list Equipment history Step 4. System Functions and Functional failures: involves classifying each OUT interface of the system into its functions and identifying the failures which might hinder these functions. Step 5. Failure Mode and Effect analysis (FMEA): involves analyzing each component failure to discover which have the potential to disruption their function and then detailing what exactly these effects could be. This is done using functional failure-equipment matrix. Step 6. Logic (Decision) Tree Analysis (LTA): the failure modes which pass through effects analysis will now go through this process. The purpose of this step is to further prioritize the emphasis and resources that should be devoted to each failure mode on the basis that all Authority (TVA). TVA is a power production plant wholly owed by the US government and equipment, functions and failures are not the same. The LTA identifies the failure modes in 3 aspects: Safety Downtime Economics (Finance) Step 7. Task selection: In this step, applicable maintenance tasks which are most effective to combat the detailed failure modes are listed, at the same time decisions on whether to run-to-failure or design out

Macbeths Power Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout reading the play, Macbeth changes a lot from being a man of loyalty and honesty, to a man of whom is power hungry and greedy. This shows how the more power you receive the more power you want; which in many cases, such as this one leads to destruction. Many of the choices that Macbeth made were influenced by the power that he had, and this power began to take over him. This then lead to greed and destruction of not only others, but himself as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the play, Macbeth is not in a position of authority yet still receives praise. Although Macbeth is not in a place of power, he is truly content with his life. Macbeth is looked up to and admired for begin so brave and courageous. In the beginning of the play Macbeth comes off as a genuine man who is admired by many people. This is demonstrated by a member of Macbeth’s battalion who refers to Macbeth as â€Å"the great Macbeth.† This man is covered in blood and hurt, yet he still speaks of how noble Macbeth is. This really shows how respected and faithful the citizens are to Macbeth. â€Å"For brave Macbeth he is the one to whom oh so many praise.† (1.2.18), said by the man. Hearing this news of Macbeth is very pleasing to the king, he now sees how noble and commendable Macbeth is, he then decided to give Macbeth the power of being Thane of Cawdor; by doing so he did not know what this decision was going to lead to in the fu ture. The king gave him this power because he saw how fine...

What is Social Science Essay -- Sociology, Social Status, Social Inter

What is the job of social science? Social science focuses its attention on the social aspects of human nature; its job is to study how individuals can relate with and communicate with each other. â€Å"Social scientists study the social environment in which we live in an attempt to understand human society and to predict how people will interact in a given set of circumstances (Mack, 2004, p584). In this essay, I discuss the role of social science for societies and individuals, how individuals relate to societies and the function of rules in societies as a main concern of social science. Social science’s duty is to train human being how to deal with social status. As we were born, we were part of a society; we were a member of a family; families are the first breaks of societies. So, all of us were coping with social groups since we were born: families, schools, peer groups and even media shape our social environment. Mack (2004) noticed in his data, â€Å"All human beings are social. People have to interact with other people in order to survive. Since all human beings live in a society, which is to say that every person is a member of some human group, it is just reasonable to speak of a social environment† (p584). Social science teaches us, as members of society, how to deal and interact with social environment. The question is why do people need to learn that knowledge? The answer is that human being are social creatures, hence they need social science to improve their social abilities. It is hard for a human being to live by himself out of a society. Even thought it is possible for a human being to survive in solitude, without any kind of social connection, not all of his talent could flourish in isolation. Skills like communicati... ...ience knowledge is a powerful resource for understanding and coping with the growing complexities, uncertainties and risks in our world† (Kazancigil, 2003, p379). Individuals are the parts which form societies as a whole. Individuals have a mutual relationship with societies. Both of them are under the control of social science; social science’s tool for overseeing them is legislation. Various rules shape diverse societies where individuals interact differently. It is not an option to be a part of society or not, since we were born we became a part of society. So, as long as we relate to societies, we should care and learn about social science. Through social science we learn the reasons of our actions and our manners. If we required modifying our behaviours in order to mature and boom our talents, social science is here to help us and show us the ways. What is Social Science Essay -- Sociology, Social Status, Social Inter What is the job of social science? Social science focuses its attention on the social aspects of human nature; its job is to study how individuals can relate with and communicate with each other. â€Å"Social scientists study the social environment in which we live in an attempt to understand human society and to predict how people will interact in a given set of circumstances (Mack, 2004, p584). In this essay, I discuss the role of social science for societies and individuals, how individuals relate to societies and the function of rules in societies as a main concern of social science. Social science’s duty is to train human being how to deal with social status. As we were born, we were part of a society; we were a member of a family; families are the first breaks of societies. So, all of us were coping with social groups since we were born: families, schools, peer groups and even media shape our social environment. Mack (2004) noticed in his data, â€Å"All human beings are social. People have to interact with other people in order to survive. Since all human beings live in a society, which is to say that every person is a member of some human group, it is just reasonable to speak of a social environment† (p584). Social science teaches us, as members of society, how to deal and interact with social environment. The question is why do people need to learn that knowledge? The answer is that human being are social creatures, hence they need social science to improve their social abilities. It is hard for a human being to live by himself out of a society. Even thought it is possible for a human being to survive in solitude, without any kind of social connection, not all of his talent could flourish in isolation. Skills like communicati... ...ience knowledge is a powerful resource for understanding and coping with the growing complexities, uncertainties and risks in our world† (Kazancigil, 2003, p379). Individuals are the parts which form societies as a whole. Individuals have a mutual relationship with societies. Both of them are under the control of social science; social science’s tool for overseeing them is legislation. Various rules shape diverse societies where individuals interact differently. It is not an option to be a part of society or not, since we were born we became a part of society. So, as long as we relate to societies, we should care and learn about social science. Through social science we learn the reasons of our actions and our manners. If we required modifying our behaviours in order to mature and boom our talents, social science is here to help us and show us the ways.

The Impact of Biodiesel on Automotive Catalyst Performance Essay

Stringent diesel emissions regulations around the world have put much pressure on the shoulders of manufactures to reduce the level of emissions entering the atmosphere from diesel engines. Much of the initial attempt to achieve this by the manufactures was by the substitution of biodiesel in place of the conventional petroleum diesel. In order to create a balance between the vehicle performance and the imposed emissions regulations, many manufacturers prefer to blend petroleum diesel with biodiesel in a proportion which is deemed suitable to run on their engines. In a statement from the diesel fuel injection systems manufacturer’s association, they suggested that diesel fuel specification should be updated on a regular basis, to allow for the gradually increasing percentage of biodiesel. By so doing injection components could be manufactured such that they are protected from the possible secondary effect of the fatty acid methylesthers, which includes filter plugging due to softening and corrosion of zinc or aluminium parts in the fuel injection system due to the presence of free menthol residues. Whilst biodiesel has been highlighted as a plausible substitute for petroleum diesel, great concerns still arise over the effects of its emissions on health and environment, considering the fact that only a few of its hydrocarbon emissions are yet known. Studies about the effects of increasing biodiesel blend ratio on the operation and emissions of diesel engines have been documented in a vast amount of published and unpublished literature since the 1980’s (1), (2), (3). A general trend of observation amongst most of the literatures reviewed is a reduction in CO and THC emissions with increasing biodiesel blend ratio, like wise incre... ...ation of after treatment systems have been proposed by some researches, as a viable solution in reducing CO, THC and NOx emissions to a non-harmful level. Some of these proposed after treatment systems include DPF (Diesel particulate filter) and DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst). Amy et al’s (27) research in to effect of biodiesel emissions on the performance of a diesel particulate filter in a diesel engine, showed that increased biodiesel blend ratio produced less soot and thus required a lesser regenerative temperature, when compared to the conventional petroleum diesel. Their conclusions indicated the fact that with biodiesel fuels, the regeneration of particulate filters could be carried out without the fear of causing an over heat in the exhaust system. They applauded the reactive nature of the biodiesel soot, as a major contributor to this trend.

Assa

Ultimately all connected with one global system that generates many resources for everyone's use. 3. As human activities and practices continue Nexus River, it was more off regional problem for the people living in the community. Nutrients and other chemicals that are released into human resources and public areas affect the entire system and causes many changes. They had to spend money on resolving the problem of all of those dead fish and many researchers were Involved In figuring the problem out and reaching a solution. 2.Systems In this study focuses on Interactions among human systems and those that are found In nature. Basically Interacting components that Influence one another by exchanging energy or materials. For example, the Nexus River. We don't study Isolated areas of smaller regions because environmental scientists are Interested In larger scale septets and problems, such as the global climate system. Smaller systems are part of larger systems and are ultimately all conn ected with one global system that generates many resources for everyone's use. 3.As human satellites and practices continue to affect our environment and world, we see that these interdisciplinary principles both aid scientists and somewhat cause problems. These principles show us many ways in which we are effecting the world, what factors we are changing. But also with all of these principles, this study gets very large and broad, and soon becomes a huge study. Many conflicts probably occur and even though there might be controversy between one law and the other, they are all needed in this study.

The History Of Gender Equality Education Essay

Gender is the close basic and outstanding difference that embodys among mountain, whether they ar Latino, inkinesss, egg white, Asiatic, native or European. The heroic numbers battle for sexual urge equivalence in approximately exclusively deposits of the universe is vertical recognized and acknow leadged. For centuries, self-aggrandizing young-bearing(prenominal)s were run intoed inferior to grownup females or as second-class citizens until late. oddly adequate, real untried misss neer accompanied general sincere directs and level(p) when they admitted, they were do to go to a uninteg swand school inst each(prenominal)ation. The transition of 19th Amendment to the US organization guaranteed voting rights to US hand nearly females. The famed, 1973 shell of Roe v. Wade in the US Supreme Court fin solely toldy resulted in the granting of right to reproductive freedom.Essential Differences betwixt lick advertises and big(a) femalesPhysical differences betw een constitute forces and large(p) females argon all life-threatening known. However, the close to outstanding difference among impart forces and big(p) females relates to the sensitive biological maps that atomic number 18 associated with childbearing, claw nursing, early oncoming of adulthood and the teentsyr physical size. If in that respect atomic number 18 twown(prenominal) separate differences, they argon ascribable to differences and evils ca employ by the fel piteousship.Anthropologically, immature male childs were ever considered as warriors, combatants and defenders of the society and household. A typical adult male was sup frameal to be honorable of energy and strength. He was at any rate supposed to be competitory and self-asserting. Work force were in any event supposed to be passionless(prenominal) and reject em caterpillar tready, transforming, fright and cargo.On the varied manus, immature misss were supposed to be nurturing and passive towar ds eachone in the household. Furthermore, they were expected to demo and reveal emotions and sentiments. Development ensured that immature work forces and adult females adapted themselves to these typical and stereotyped sentiments and beliefs. They anyhow considered these beliefs to be the natural order of life. The consequences of these conventional beliefs were a deep unease of the society that finally resulted in gender prejudice and bitterness.Educational differencesEarly educational enquiry conducted in the sustain century proposed that there atomic number 18 subjective differences between male childs and misss, particularly in the sphere of math, verbal and spacial accomplishments. However, young research findings kindle us that these mavind differences atomic number 18 false and at mel execrable hat biased. For illustration, there atomic number 18 non adequate differences on sept trials between school travel male childs and misss until the age of 10. Whatev er the differences those exist is unfeignedly infinitesimal. There was a perceptual experience that indicated that work forces do split up in math trials in high school. However, those differences argon get refineing to vanish, as even adult females ar do better in Math trials. In kernel, whatever the biological differences that exist between work forces and adult females, they are non whole due to biological grounds.Methods to dispute female stereotypesStereotypic notion is authentically common in our society. Gender prejudice, ine individuala and contempt for adult females s authorization are near of the shun thought that runs even today. A typical illustration of this is the sensed conversion in the attitude around a female jock s index number and ability in the field and path events. In the early parts of the last-place century, females were discouraged from deliver parting in athletic plans. Athletic plans were non even listed in the athleticss meets, while the erect for such(prenominal) plans was in reality light and rare. In fact, adult females seldom participated in athleticss activities. However, all these changed when the authorities proclaim that adult females should have equal support down the stairs the Title IX of the educational amendment Acts of the Apostless of 1972. Due to the alterations in the jurisprudence, adult females could piddle part in athleticss and competitory activities conducted nationally and internationally.How should teacher act when there is gender pigeonholing?Struggle for gender equality is ongoing and every instructor is modify to guarantee gender equality. In the yesteryear, there were cases of instructors falling into pin cut back of gender stereotypic believing inclinations that finally led them to rely that male childs were superior to girls in topics manage math and scientific discip border. Such instructors used to name male childs to reply their inquiries in the category and they were en couraged to execute sizable in verbal and non-verbal trials. Similarly, girl pupils were every neglected or even ignored. As a dedicated instructor, you should non fall into the trap of gender stereotype instead, you should be a powerful instructor to deter such activities. This whitethorn advance and promote a typical classroom that provides encouragement for both male childs and misss to execute better in the category.More to the highest degree Racial Prejudice and DiscriminationGender favoritism in our society ever depends on many factors like differences between work forces and adult females, presumed male high quality myth and the society s normal prejudice against weaker groups. Overall, the sensed bias against some groups in the society could be due to the construct of power relationship that arises as an indispensable portion of socialisation procedure. When immature people grow, they ever start seek for their personal individualization. When you grow through your age , you whitethorn inquire these simple yet crafty inquiriesWho am I?Why am I here?However, it is really aphonic answer these inquiries by anyone. While it is really hard to reply these inquiries, you whitethorn be unconsciously larning well-nigh opposite tangled inquiries like Who are they?Who they are nonTo which dry wash does he or she belong toWhat elegance does he or she belong toThese simple inquiries may give rise to sense of separateness which may finally catch to every domination by others or entry by ego. It may even ensue in the creative put-on of pride or shame ground on the prevailing stereotype and biass as projected by the society. To turn away all these unsavoury occurrences, you may necessitate to express your dupes about the exuberant pagan hereditary pattern of the submit, all the piece emphasizing on the spellance of different races, ethnicities and heathenish groups of the render.The majuscule Cycle of Poverty Black to white relationship provides a really apt context for understanding how power relationships fortify through legion social and pagan stereotypes and prejudice. Research findings suggest is that African American kids frequently accept the beliefs, patterns and built-in determine of the dominant white social groups. This could be unsafe because kids may nonplus and unfold negative stereotype and sentiment about their ain race, civilization and beliefs. The 1944 authoritative write by Gunnar Myrdal ( An American Dilemma ) has provided us a great start to understand the practical theory of the now historied The War on Poverty . center specially on the racism in the US, the writer argued that African Americans frequently are pin down in a pulsation of pauperization that may finally take to the development of unwanted stereotypes and prejudice.Harmonizing to the writer, a infix of African Americans have small admission fee to high quality instruction that may ensue in decreased employment opt ions and eventual scantiness and life of hopelessness. This usual belief may hold led to the stereotypic thought that African Americans are lazy and that they can non work genuine for any occupations. This prejudice may anyway ensue in a brute(a) cycles/second of poverty. Federal and province political plans like Head Start and optimistic Action were successful in component those people enrolled in public establishments.How to bar the uncivilised cycle- Your FunctionWhite persons may reenforce the rhythm of thinness by believing in the usual stereotypic thought of Blacks, Hispanics, Asians and other cultural groups. Queerly, a figure of pupils are blissfully incognizant of their ain individuality as a portion of a racial group and this has led to the theory of colour blind . The consequence is that as they enter school, so get down believing that they are the portion of the in group that are wholly different from other pupils, who appear diverse in footings of their tegument colour, sunglassess, textures, linguistic communication, idiom and cultural upbringing.It could be a unsafe state of affairs for all kids. At this faultfinding occasion, you may deprivation to work towards devising a reciprocally contri alsoing and all-inclusive schoolroom. You may besides wish to develop a schoolroom that really believes in the rich civilization of America. It is your responsibility to work hard to process a elected schoolroom by culture your pupils to deference the cultural fortes of different groups. Nature helps kids to interact and streamline their attitude to move in some specific manner towards others. Normally, they may neer seek to understand who they are, but they get out decidedly get down specifying themselves by who they are non this attitude may take to incorrect self-perceptions.In life, all kids would wish to see themselves as either colored or non-colored, male or female, dark or just, immature or old or native side of meat ta lkers or non. They may besides wish to acknowledge other differences between themselves and other people. These may include such things as caste, faith, civilization, ethnicity, regionalism or even sexual orientation. A multi-cultural schoolroom will countenance you avoid developing such a negative inclination among your pupils. Supplying text editions that are corroboratory in nature and that handle about the benefits of life in a save society may wait on you plan and make a cultureless schoolroom. A good instructor will besides seek to make a schoolroom that exhibits tolerance, forbearance and credence of all cultural groups. It is possible to make a demographic schoolroom that is tolerant and sensitive towards all people.Classism It is the Stain of Materialistic CultureAs a kid starts turning into an grownup phase, he or she will observe the presence of principal(prenominal) differences in the social place of their schoolmates. some(a) kids may be treated as being low in t he category this may intend that they are really hapless. Traditionally talking, people consider stuffs wealth to be above everything in this universe. It is besides really common to see rich know aparting against work category or even in-between category households. Because of their softness to flash corporeal wealth in forepart of others, they are considered as person who can non hold a position in the society. The media and society play an of import function in propagating this category difference. Media ad and selling publicity are the both of the intimately powerful tools that guide little and immature kids in believing that utilizing brand and dearly-won merchandises will heighten their societal position among their schoolmates. Most of the trade call that are promoted by Television, cyberspace and radiocommunication advertizements are premium and expensive.Happening of leanness in the United statesOn paper, the US is one of the wealthiest states in the universe. How ever, there are broad wrappings of population that are populating under poorness line al well-nigh people populating under poorness line are frequently referred to as working hapless or working category. If you consider the authorities s ain figure, the entire figure of people populating in poorness is a galvanizing 40 million or about 15 % of the full population. Harmonizing to the US Census delegacy ( U.S. Census Bureau, 2000a ) , approximately 30 % of all African Americans, 28 % of Hispanics and 31 % of native Americans are populating below the poorness line.A state as rich and every bit laden as the US has many traditional myths under its tummy myths refering the continuity of poorness and misery are common even today. One of the most important myths that exist today is that those people, who are populating below poorness line, do non really work. Most of the people, who are populating in poorness line do work for low paying and humble occupations that do non deliver for the minimal amenitiess and populating necessities. Hence, these people are trapped in ageless poorness. Though they are willing to work, their low educational grade every bit good as dearth in accomplishments, impede them from acquiring better paying occupations.Recent research shows that about two million people, who are populating below the poorness line do work full clip. Another 7 million people, who are below the poorness line, really work portion clip. However, the most distressful fact about these pot of statistics is the sensed Numberss of kids, who are populating under low poorness. They are the guiltless victims of a state of affairs that is non their mistake. With really few resources in their manus like books, computing machines, hatful stuffs, you can non anticipate them to win in their category. Most of the parents, who live under the poorness line, are uneducated themselves and they may non be able to fix their kids for the schoolroom. As a instructor, you may nec essitate to assist such parents and instructors to acquire an entree to liberate wad resources like books, computing machines, public libraries, in school plans and any other philanthropic plans that can heighten their accomplishments and intelligence.Childs who live under poorness line Comparison with other statesA old survey by a US magazine called U. S. News and manhood Report, demonstrated that the entire Numberss of kids populating in our state is far more than those that live in other industrialised states. Even after, you consider all those public assistances and societal protective covering plans, every bit many as one kid in every five live in poorness, which is a really high figure of about 21.5 % Just compare this statistics from other states 6.8 % for Germany and France, 9.9 % for salient Britain and a really low rate of 2.75 for Sverige This important study besides provides a revealing narrative of why affluent United states kids are wealthier than the richest kids anyplace in the universe Poor kids have less to populate on- than those in all industrialised states but Ireland and Israel ( U. S. News and World Report, 1995, p. 24 ) .The available informations on those kids, who are stateless, are even more startling Estimated figures suggest us that the entire Numberss of stateless kids in the United States range from 65000 to 500,000. When you add the about 14 million kids, who live in some type of Foster oversight installations, you can conceive of the humungous nature of the job ( Jencks, 1994 Sandham, 2001 ) . Classroom classism could be one of the most barbarous and worst signifiers of favoritism. As a instructor, you may wish to eliminate this treason from your schoolroom.What can you make?As a dedicated American instructor, you can make many things to minimize and eliminate classism in your schoolrooms. Two illustrations of actions are as followsChoosing good course of study stuffs that plan to minimise classismChoosing you r ain actions that are good and merely for the full schoolroomTeaching about the achievements of working category and hapless people in the state edifice could assist you in minimising classism. Historical mentions about tire out battle and racism could besides be your potent tools in this way. You may besides learn how foolhardy disbursement on stuffs that we do non necessitate, will take to material geting compulsion and uneconomical outgo. You must be a positive function speculative account, who believes in high value public presentation, cooperation and indifferent and above all with a head to eschew philistinism. Make certain(p) that you send out a positive signal to your kids.Journal ActivityMake you hold with gender disparity? Why female stereotypic thought can harm the larger involvements of a society? Do you experience unreasonable gender stereotyping will harm your learning? What is your sentiment on biass and favoritism salutary in a schoolroom? cave in and ReflectIn vent a mechanism to contend the large(p) Cycle of Poverty. Write down notes on why this construct is so full of life for guaranting learning success in a traditional schoolroom. If you want to win as a good instructor, how to you face interact cases of gender race favoritism that are so common in a school.Internet ActivityCollect more information on the capacious Cycle of Poverty and happening of poorness among schoolchildren in the US. What is your sentiment on the bang-up War on Poverty? By utilizing the information, devise you ain function that will help you in interrupting down the barbarous rhythm of poorness.

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Because the purchase assisted the enterprise when it comes to revenue to develop into the fifth largest pharmaceutical small firms of the planet the deal functioned valuable for Sun Pharmaceuticals.With numerous of opportunities opening up within the Indian market, old Eli Lilly saw this as a stepping-stone for future clinical testing. Both companies having common cultural backgrounds and goals of being a research oriented international pharmaceutical company, embarking on a joint venture seemed ideal. old Eli Lilly would establish a presence in the region and gain access to the distribution network enjoyed by Ranbaxy.Furthermore, this JV would result in lower costs in production as well as basic research, which are considerable factors in their broad strategy.Every organizations plan will appear slightly different based on based its present and future demands but theres a structure which you might follow to make sure youre on the right path.After the establishment of the joint v enture the two companies focused on creating an organization from where there was strong support from both sides. Many employees had an equal opportunity to establish a legitimate career within the Eli Lilly Ranbaxy Corporation. Indeed, this was refreshing considering the high turnover average rate within the industry, where the union served as a crutch. Within a year after building the infrastructure from the ground up, the JV was able to launch different products and had more than 200 employees.

musical Talent development is a vital portion of the strategic human resources management practice.Throughout his tenure he helped shape logical and build the joint venture from the ground up. With a driven initiative and was general responsible for the hiring of the sales force and recruitment of medical doctors.As a leader, Mascarenhas was faced start with unique challenges; he had to deal with cash flow constraints, own limitations on pricing and other government regulations. Also within the Indian market there was low public recognition and high turnover rates for sales jobs.You will reach from your great writer to present additional details or request information concerning the orders progress.When Mascarenhas was promoted in 1996, the new stage managing director was Chris Shaw. Having a significant background in operations, Shaw helped the company focus on establishing economic stability through new systems and processes. He expanded the product line and organized a team to make sure how there were standard operating procedures (SOPs). These procedures would help the joint venture maintain a productive flow.

Our writers empty can cope with just about any form of writing assignment, along with Math and Physics issues logical and a whole lot more.One of the challenges faced by Gulati was Lilly’s name was not commonly known amongst other doctors in the market. Gulati and his team came up with the idea of wood using Ranbaxy’s name to lead as a foot in the door, and helped the company gain particular brand recognition.Also Gulati faced the challenge of trying to distribute a product that was already being sold amongst manufacturers. Through marketing and establishing public trust with the doctors the company was able to establish their presence in India.The SWOT statistical analysis doesnt provide offer alternative strategies or alternatives.Overall the performance of the IJV was a success. Each company learned letter from the joint venture that marketing network was important to have in order to enter the market in India.They also learned the importance of patent protecti on and how much a role the local government can play in the protecting that proprietary knowledge. A patent is needed in order to price their products, and to protect their innovation for a certain time.

Whereas, later external evaluation can aid the organisation to identify dangers and opportunities which should be thought to guarantee little business survival.Overall Eli Lilly Ranbaxy gained vital cooperation and communication amongst each other. Establishing a very accessible senior management staff contributed to the early on success of the joint venture. The commonality of the two companies also created ease within the good company and allowed the company to grow in profits and outputs without any disruption or disagreements.Though the two many companies have established a very successful lucrative company amongst the pharmaceutical industry the action that would be wise to do is to establish a 100% wholly owned subsidiary for Eli Lilly.The business isnt a pay master in that business.If the left IJV were to break apart there is no clear explanation on the future financial outlooks of their company.Furthermore, it best can create an unforeseen competition. However, it would allow each company to focus on their own agendas and it would also inject much needed cash flow for Ranbaxy and allow them to concentrate on the generic market. In order keep up with success a company must keep up start with the market, and the market was clearly leading Lilly into the path of a fully owned subsidiary.

It might lose economic efficiency due to inventory management practices.Employees are valuable and they handled with respect.Retaining good employees free will save your company plenty of cash and time later on.Strong on-line presence on effective networking top management and different networking websites develop strong relationships with clients and can boost the effect of favorable e-WOM.