Unemployment And Its Effect Essay Example for Free

Unemployment And Its Effect Essay Unemployment has always been considered the single most serious individual, social and economic problem since the emergence of industrialization and specialization of work. The ability to work and earn is considered as one of the fundamental cornerstone of any functional society. However, when people who can work are deprived of it and are forced to waste their otherwise productive time that could have invested in their own material l prosperity while adding value to the nation. It has also various personal, moral and ethical dimensions associated with it that plays pivotal role in determining the well-being and prosperity of individuals, family, society and ultimately the entire nation. The combined effect of all of these factors is that unemployment has become the most studied phenomena in modern social and economic studies. The unemployment situation At present the unemployment rate in U. S is close to 4. 4 percent of the working population, which implies that a staggering 6. 7 million people stand unemployed (Employment situation summary, 2007). The social and economic effect of such large number of people being jobless is worrisome for the overall health of the economy. It implies that millions of working hour wasted every day, aggregate loss of hundreds of millions of dollars per day, greater stress on families and individuals, rise in poverty, unequal distribution of wealth, decline in health standards of the unemployed people and their dependents, rise in criminal activities and drug dependency, suicide related instances and increased stress on government social security programs which further translates in constraints on economy and society. Persistent situation of unemployment causes people to loose their self-esteem, position and status in society, pushing them to social margins where they become depressed, alienated and feel redundant. Unemployment also decreases the working potential of unemployed people, so that when they try to return to mainstream their capacity to work and perform is substantially reduced and their skill set lost or obsolete. Types of Unemployment There are following major types of unemployment seen in the labor market (Krugman, 1994). 1. Frictional unemployment- The period of unemployment when people are switching from one job to another. 2. Cyclical unemployment – When the demand of labor in market periodically shrinks and grows due to recession in business 3. Structural unemployment- This type of unemployment is caused when the profile of job seeker and job are mismatched causing stress for the employee and the employer 4. Technological unemployment Perhaps the oldest kind of unemployment which happens due to people being replaced by new machines and technologies 5. Classical unemployment When market undervalues the labor. 6. Seasonal unemployment – Unemployment in those job sectors that are seasonal such as tourism, construction, and sports and game professions. Issue of high and low unemployment Although persistent and high level of unemployment is debilitating, a certain level of low unemployment is considered good for economic growth as it creates incentives for economic growth and contribute to long-term stability and security in job market (Bernstein, Mishel, Schmitt, 2001). Low unemployment rate is an strong indicator of prospering economic conditions and give greater bargaining power in the hands of workers, where they are able to negotiate with employers on better pay-scales and facilities. On the other hand, high rates of unemployment are typically result of economic recession. The business is not in state to supply adequate number of jobs, and workers are put at serious disadvantage in terms of selection of jobs, wages, and security, creating a situation of continuous strain. Bernstien. J, Mishel L. Schmitt, J. . 2001. The State of Working America, 2000-2001: ILR Press: Ithaca, NY. Employment situation summary. 2007. Bureau of Labor Statistics. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved from web on 17. 04. 2007. http://www. bls. gov/news. release/empsit. nr0. htm Krugman, P. 1994. Past and Prospective Causes of High Unemployment. Retrieved from web on 17. 04. 2007. http://www. kc. frb. org/PUBLICAT/ECONREV/PDF/4q94krug. pdf

The Women Of Jane Austen :: Jane Austen Females Essays

The Women of Jane Austen Jane Austen has attracted a great deal of critical attention in recent years. Many have spoken out about the strengths and weaknesses of her characters, particularly her heroines. Austen has been cast as both a friend and foe to the rights of women. According to Morrison, 'most feminist studies have represented Austen as a conscious or unconscious subversive voicing a woman's frustration at the rigid and sexist social order which enforces subservience and dependence'; (337). Others feel that her marriage plots are representative of her allegiance to the social quid pro quo of her time: 'Marriage, almost inevitably the narrative event that constitutes a happy ending, represents in their view a submission to a masculine narrative imperative that has traditionally allotted women love and men the world'; (Newman 693).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In reality, Austen cannot accurately be evaluated as an author (or feminist subversive) without first examining the eighteenth century English society in which she lived and placed her heroines. Watt says that Austen's characters cannot be seen 'clearly until we make allowances for the social order in which they were rooted'; (41). Austen lived in a society where women were expected to be 'accomplished,'; as Darcy states in Pride and Prejudice, but not well educated ('Notes';). Women of the late eighteenth-century could not attend educational institutions like Oxford or Cambridge. It was not considered necessary for a woman to have knowledge of either Greek or Latin. If a woman received training, it was usually religious or domestically practical. The expected accomplishments of a woman at the time included the ability to draw, singing, speaking modern languages (such as Italian or French), and playing a musical instrument, usually the piano. These accomplishments were required to attract the right (rich) kind of husband. A woman's financial status was very important, and yet there was little she could do to improve it. Women of some social standing could not just go out and get a job. The only opportunities for support outside one's family was work as a governess, or live-in teacher. Money for a woman usually only came through marriage or the death of her father, and then only if she had no brothers or other male relatives. Marriage, then, was looked upon by both men and women as a necessity for security, regardless of a lack of attraction or love. Long-range financial stability had to be procured at an early age.

Leadership Analysis

Running head: SCHOLARSHIP, PRACTICE, AND LEADERSHIP Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership Essay Cory A. Muhammad University of Phoenix Education and Information Literacy In a US society where information literacy is considered a luxury and not a human right enables intellectual illiteracy limits to be pushed to the max. It’s a nightmare how some can be deceived and taken advantage of or even locked out of opportunities by those who demonstrate the use of information literacy. The desire for current and upcoming generations desiring access to information through text is becoming scarce. Researchers found that current and possible future generations would rather watch videos or tutorials instead of reading information found in text materials. â€Å"Experts suggested that they preferred to view information rather than read it, and so tended to choose information that was graphically represented rather than just text-based† (Venkatraman, 2009, p. 6). Today within the environment of education we are experiencing an increasing need for individuals to take interests in their own learning and exposure to information literacy for a variety of reasons: a) It gives learners the ability to become exposed to higher education and technology b) Enables learners to communicate (using technology) in an educational setting, and c) Prepares students to relate to the various generations of learners. In this essay I will discuss how information literacy relates to the scholar/practitioner/leadership model. Higher Education and Technology Anyone pursuing higher education will have to get use to the ideal of incorporating scholar practice of information literacy. As learners grow stronger in the use of information literacy, we can expose ourselves to higher educational opportunities such as Universities, trade colleges, skill centers, or career enhancement programs. Once an individual can be exposed to the various information located in most libraries all information retrieved completely enhances all researched subjects and allows for more profound subject content. In higher education information literacy plays a major role in the use of technology. Technology is an essential learning tool used amongst students and professionals today. Information illiteracy can lead to the mis-understanding and fear of technology. Information illiteracy can ultimately cause generational gaps in communication as-well. When one generation has not adequately prepared for the trend of another generation (generation X) vs. (Generation Y), this is a clear indication of information illiteracy. The new generation communicates in an integrated way, leveraging the technology that’s available. However libraries and other information providers â€Å"have fundamental problems in adapting†, â€Å"They're not keeping up with the demand of these researchers, who live in the wider internet space,† (Venkatraman, 2009, p. 6). Education and Communication Using Technology Computer literacy, Internet literacy, e-mail functionality, search engine and database li teracy are a few amongst a huge arena of technology functions in our ever changing world we live in. Information literacy allows learners the opportunity to become literate in the world of technology and the use of wonderful tools to gain better performance in processing day to day tasks. The flipside to this same coin is information illiteracy prevents people from knowing about the reality of technology and its benefit. Information literacy ultimately improves the learner’s quality of life as they are being exposed to superior methods of functioning, as well as make themselves marketable from possessing education. â€Å"Most are not even aware of the potential help that is available to them. Libraries, which provide the best access point to information for most U. S. citizens, are left untapped by those who most need help to improve their quality of life† (â€Å"Association of College & Research Libraries,† 1989). Communication Channels to Transcend Generations Information literacy ensures opportunity for open communication channels between different generations of learners, or leadership teams. Adequate communications through information literacy develops leadership amongst the educational atmosphere. The one who has the ability to relate to the various generations can easily emerge from the groups as a leader. Learning and professional environments benefit a great deal when an open line of communications exists between generations incorporating, wisdom, knowledge, desire, energy, and perspective. Information literacy allows for generations to be aware of each others benefit, but also rely on each other for constant innovation and progress. Information illiteracy will only promote detraction from any information or understanding of various generations and a low desire for people to pursue higher education. â€Å"There is a danger of a new elite developing in our country: the information elite† (Venkatraman, 2009, p. 6). Information literacy on the other hand, promotes the desire of individuals to continue to pursuing knowledge, and learning. In conclusion, the articles researched on information literacy revealed the current condition in our country regarding information illiteracy. Grades K-12, secondary, post secondary, graduate and even doctoral learning suffers from information il literacy. Students not engaging in intense research fail to use credible sources that handicap their ability to broaden their knowledge on specific subject matter. Students’ abilities to incorporate diverse forms of information literacy will enhance their educational experience and make it a more lifelong and fulfilling learning experience. By restructuring the learning process learners can develop skills to become practitioners of information literacy. Information literacy helps set up various frameworks for individuals to resolve moral dilemmas. The continued development of information literacy models could provide students and professionals within organizations the relatable life skills required for the scholar/practitioner/leadership model. References: Association of College & Research Libraries. (1989). Presidential Committee on Information Literacy: Final Report. Retrieved from http://news. ala. org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/publications/whitepapers/presidential. cfm#opp. on June 7, 2009. Lauer, S. , & Yodanis, C. (2004, July). The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP): A Tool for Teaching with an International Perspective. Teaching Sociology, 32(3), 304-313. Retrieved June 7, 2009, from SocINDEX with Full Text database. Venkatraman, A. (2009,

Harley Davidson Tows Matrix - 1319 Words

â€Å"Strategic planning involves identifying the current business of a firm and the business it wants for the future, and the course of action or strategy it will use to pursue its objectives.† (definition) While Harley-Davidson and its competitors, both domestic and international, have been alive for decades, it is becoming increasingly difficult to shift such established entities to compliment a new, younger group of potential riders. An expanding economy, technological advances such as the internet and online retail, liquidity and market demands have all contributed to the stability of profits in this business. Competition changed the fundamental landscape of the motorcycle industry forever. Several factors including the necessity to†¦show more content†¦There is a low barrier for entry for new companies as it has become fairly easy for investors to gain capital as well as equipment and licenses to begin designing and assembling bikes. The bargaining power of buyers is very high as consumers now have access to all major manufacturers online with the ability to customize and price bikes as well as buy from auction houses such as local dealers or online like eBay. The fear of substitute products has become very high as competitors have been able to successfully introduce a significant number of new designs and technologies that threaten buyer loyalty. With makers like Yamaha and Honda, as well as BMW and Ducati, prices range between outstandingly inexpensive to luxury cruisers for the wealthy. These companies have a more stable financial backing due to their other businesses that Harley-Davidson lacks. The above is an industry analysis diagram of the motorcycle sector. This figure proposes that any particular company, whether large or small, can successfully work in one of the 3 domains shown, will be able to â€Å"establish and sustain a competitive advantage.† Harley-Davidson is still the lone leaderShow MoreRelatedHarley Davidson case analysis -- with IFE, EFE, CPM, and TOWS matrix...1588 Words   |  7 PagesStatement: Harley-Davidson is n action-oriented, international company, a leader in its commitment to continuously improve our mutually beneficial relationships with stakeholders (customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, government and society). Harley-Davidson believes the key to success is to balance stakeholders interests through the empowerment of all employees to focus o value-added activities Current Strategy: Differentiation Strategy Relevant History: à ¶In 1903, Harley-Davidson was formedRead MoreHarley Davidson6082 Words   |  25 Pagesï » ¿Strategic Management ASSIGNMENT 1 Academic Report – Harley-Davidson WORD COUNT: 5492 Main Body: 3300 Appendix: 2192 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..3 2.0 Business Level Strategy ...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....3 2.1 Cost Leadership†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 2.2 Differentiation Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......6 2.3 Focus Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 3.0 SWOT Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 4.0 PESTLE Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....9 5.0 CorporateRead MoreHarley Case Study7161 Words   |  29 PagesHARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC. (1998): THE 95TH ANNIVERSARY Introduction Situation Analysis Harley-Davidson has been a widely admired fixture in the motorcycle industry since the â€Å"golden years† of American motorcycle manufacturing (1900-1931), when at times there were as many as 200 different brands of American-made motorcycles. By 1930, the market had consolidation and the â€Å"big three† – Harley-Davidson, Indian Motorcycle, and Excelsior Supply – together accounted for 90% of the market (Ballon,Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesModelling approaches – 1 14.1 Learning objectives 14.2 Introduction 14.3 Cost–volume–profit analysis 14.4 Investment appraisal 14.5 Summary 15 Modelling approaches – 2 15.1 Learning objectives 15.2 Introduction 15.3 Allowing for risk and uncertainty 15.4 Matrix models 15.5 The marketing performance assessment model 15.6 Some other approaches to modelling 15.7 Summary Stage Five: How can we ensure arrival? Strategic implementation and control 16 Pro blems to overcome 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8